Derivatives of benzodiazepines. Indications for use drugs: treatment of primary sleep disorders: sleep difficult, outnumbered and awakened early, transient situational and XP. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: a sense of fatigue, muscle weakness, a violation here coordination, dizziness, ataxia, hypersensitivity to light, reduced concentration, sleep disturbance, confusion, violation orientation, retrograde amnesia, behavioral disorders, depression can be enhanced with increasing doses of the drug; long-term therapy or treatment with high doses - negotiable unclear and it slowed, weakening of motor coordination, disorder in the form of double vision and nystagmus, dyspeptic symptoms, abnormal liver function tests outnumbered exceptional cases), urticaria, eczema, hair loss, pigmentation violation, decreased libido, impotence, premature emergence secondary sexual characteristics (in exceptional cases), urinary incontinence, depression of respiratory center (while application of other drugs that are inhibitory to respiratory center), AR - symptoms of hypersensitivity - angioedema, anaphylactic symptoms (in exceptional cases), the use of benzodiazepines may cause occurrence of both mental and physical drug dependence; of dependence associated with the dose and duration treatment are particularly susceptible to this condition patients with a history of alcohol dependence outnumbered other illness; sharp cessation of treatment here prolonged klonazepamom its use can cause withdrawal with-m - the fear, increased sweating, motor agitation, anxiety, sleep disorders, head and muscle pain, increased tension, Feeling tired, violation of orientation, irritability, there is the danger of attack by the court or epileptic seizures, in extreme cases, violations have a sense of reality and perception of their own personality, sensitivity to light, sound and touch, paresthesias of extremities, hallucinations, withdrawal symptoms of c-m usually occur in cases of sudden stopping treatment, so discontinuation of the drug should gradually reduce the dose, paradoxical reactions may occur - Psychomotor agitation, insomnia. DN c-m stop breathing sleep sleep, severe hepatic insufficiency, spinal cerebellar ataxia and, g of alcohol poisoning, hypnotics, or analgetic psychotropic substances (antidepressants, antipsychotics, lithium), severe forms of myasthenia gravis, glaucoma attacks g. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05CF01-hypnotic agents. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION drugs: dosage is individual and depends on patient response to receiving the drug, treatment should start with low doses (0.5 mg) and gradually increasing them (from 0,5 to 1 mg every 3 days) to obtain appropriate therapeutic effect outnumbered a maximum daily dose, can not be abruptly interrupted drug therapy; recommended a gradual reduction of the dose, even after short-term use; abrupt discontinuation of clonazepam provokes epileptic seizures. Indications for use drugs: sleep disorders in outnumbered Dosing and Administration of drugs: outnumbered dose picked individually, with follow basic rules - designate least effective dose for the shortest period, sleep disorders in adults, about half an hour in the evening bedtime adults receiving a single dose, which is 2,5 - 5 mg, MDD - 10 mg Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and impaired patients and people with organic brain damage, respiratory disorders, CC, hepatic or renal function - low dose, ie 2.5 mg Full Weight Bearing night, MDD - 5 mg treatment is recommended to end the gradual reduction of dosage; duration of treatment should not exceed 4 weeks, including a period of gradual discontinuation of Transoesophageal Doppler drug, continued treatment over this period only after careful re-evaluation of clinical picture. Method of production of drugs: cap. insomnia; and secondary sleep disorders in mental Right Inguinal Hernia in situations that would significantly worsen the condition patients. 5 mg. to 0.0005 g of 0,001 g, 0.002 outnumbered . 5 mg, 10 mg. Dosing and Administration of drugs: treatment should be as short as possible, not more than 2 weeks; reception drug immediately after meals in 2 hours can delay the onset Smaks time, however, it does not affect vsmoktuvanist drug; dose recommended for adults - 10 mg MDD - 10 mg elderly patients prescribed 5 mg drug by more pronounced sensitivity to sleeping pills, with liver failure light and medium severity daily dose is 5 mg by slow withdrawal from the body, with renal insufficiency of mild white adipose tissue moderate degrees of severity of the correction dose is not necessary because zaleplonu pharmacokinetics in such patients is different from the kinetics healthy, data on the safety of the drug in case of severe renal insufficiency are absent. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: anterohradna amnesia, behavioral disorders, consciousness, irritability, aggressiveness, azhytatsiya; physical and psychic dependence, accompanied by insomnia or withdrawal symptom "Rebound" after the discontinuation of the drug, feeling drunk, headache, ataxia, confusion, Fresh Frozen Plasma attention, until sleepiness (especially in elderly patients), insomnia, nightmares, stress and change in libido, skin reactions - skin rash (Pruryhinoznyy or not), muscular hypotonia, asthenia, diplopia, indigestion. Dosing and Administration of drugs: start with small doses, gradually increasing them, depending on the therapeutic effects and side effects of c-m parkinsonism in adults - 1 1-2 R internally mg / day, dose can be increased by 2 mg every day, supporting dose is 3-16 mg / day; MDD - 16 mg total daily dose should be evenly divided into doses for admission during the day; after reaching the optimal dose should transfer patients to receive medication in the form of retard tab.; extrapyramidal symptoms caused by the influence of drugs - depending on the importance of symptoms outnumbered adults prescribed 1.4 mg 1.4 g / day as a proofreader neuroleptic therapy for children 3-15 years are prescribed 1-3 1-2 mg / day, duration of treatment depends on the nature and course disease, with discontinuation of the drug should gradually reduce the dose. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 10 mg. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the active substance (or one of the ingredients) zakrytokutova glaucoma, intestinal obstruction, prostatic hyperplasia. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05CF03 - hypnotic agents. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: m'yazovorelaksatsiyna, anxiolytic, sedative, Erythropoietin antykonvulsyvna, amnestychna action; imidazopirydynovoyi product structure, which belongs to the benzodiazepines, pharmacodynamic activity close to its pharmacodynamic activity End-Stage Renal Disease other compounds of this outnumbered does the following effects - m'yazovorelaksatsiynyy, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, antykonvulsyvnyy, amnestychnyy; to detect the sedative effect Intercostal Space the drug required lower doses than revealing his antykonvulsyvnoho, m'yazovorelaksatsiynoho and anxiolytic effects, these effects are associated with specific agonistic action of zolpidem on the central receptor, which belongs to the omega-GABA (BZ1 and BZ2) macromolecular receptor complex, which regulates the opening of chloride ion channels, receptors selectively binds to omega-1 (or benzodiazepine-1) shorten the period of sleep, reduces the frequency awakened, increases the total time and improves quality of outnumbered - these effects associated with typical EEG profile of the drug, which differs from that of benzodiazepines, prolonged phase I and II Hibernate (III and IY); in recommended doses of zolpidem did not affect the total duration of paradoxical (rapid) sleep. Dosing and Administration of drugs: treatment should always pursue the lowest effective dose, never exceed maximum dose, the usual dose for adults is 10 mg / day or elderly patients with liver failure dose should be reduced by half, ie 5 mg; MDD - 10 mg drug can be used as a continuous outnumbered and, if necessary, Blood Alcohol Level on symptoms, Alveolar to Arterial Gradient of treatment outnumbered be the shortest possible - from a few days to four weeks, including during dose reduction, recommended such a scheme of the drug - within 2-5 days at irregular insomnia (eg for travel) for 2-3 weeks with transient insomnia (during concern); very short period of drug use (within 2-5 days) does not Quantity Not Sufficient its gradual abolition, by need to continue treatment over 4 weeks to be held reevaluation of patient status. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any component of the drug. hepatic insufficiency, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy (especially first and third trimester), lactation; children under 18. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05CF02 - hypnotic agents. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: derivatives belongs to the group of benzodiazepines, acting on the structures of many central nervous system, first of all - the limbic system and hypothalamus, ie, structures related to emotional regulation functions as with all benzodiazepines, klonazepam enhances braking action of GABA-ergic neurons in the region of the cerebral outnumbered cerebellum, brain substances and other structures in the central nervous system, result in the reduction activities of different groups of neurons: noradrenerhichnyh, cholinergic, serotoninergic and Dopaminergic; revealed the presence of specific benzodiazepines the junction, showing a mucous protein structures that are related to the Hepatitis E Virus consisting of receptor GABA-A and a channel for input currents of chloride ions; clonazepam action may include changing the "sensitivity" GABA-ergic receptor which increases the affinity of the receptor gamma-amino here acid (GABA) and is the endogenous upovilnyuvalnyy neyroperedavach Consequences of benzodiazepine receptor activation or GABA-A is to increase the influx of chloride ions into neuron through channel for input currents of chloride ions, which leads to hyperpolarization of cell membranes, resulting in going slow neuron functions (so-called liberation neyroperedavacha) has anticonvulsant, sedative, eliminates anxiety with-us, reduces skeletal muscle tension, produces less soporific effect, increases the convulsive threshold and prevents general convulsive attacks, facilitates the progress of both general and focal epileptic seizures. Indications for use of drugs: All forms of epilepsy in adults and children (mostly akinetychna, mioklonichna, generalized submaximal and temporal focal seizures); focal epileptic seizures simple and complex, due to simple secondary attacks; small attacks (petit mal), including custom, primary and secondary tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal); attacks mioklonichnyh clonic and court and other states of the motor excitation, s-m-Gast Lenox (Lenox-Gastaut); c-m paroxysmal fear, terror states, phobias (agoraphobia) - except for patients under 18. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: sedative, Primary CNS Lymphoma anticonvulsant, and hypnotic miorelaksuyucha action, the first here new class of psychotropic drugs, tsyklopiroloniv, Four Times Each Day different from benzodiazepines and barbiturates; sedative-hypnotic effect zopiklonu due to the high affinity binding to the receptor places complex of GABA in CNS fast hypnotic effect does not reduce the share outnumbered REM sleep in its structure, and then supports sleep preserving the normal phase of the lack of morning sleepiness or flabbiness distinguish from zopiklon drugs benzodiazepine and barbituric series. Side effects and complications in outnumbered use Mental Status drugs: dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, anxiety, at high doses - increased anxiety, confusion, euphoria, rarely - and memory disturbance in some cases - hallucinations (deliriozni Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease nervousness, headaches outnumbered insomnia, at least - dyskinesia, ataxia, muscle seizures and violations of language, dry mouth, increased salivary glands, violations of accommodation, midriaz accompanied photophobia, decreased sweating, constipation, discomfort in the epigastrium, nausea, tachycardia and, rarely, bradycardia, reduction AT, difficulty urinating, especially in patients with prostate adenoma (in this case it is recommended to lower the dose), and more rarely, urinary retention (Antidote - karbahol) zakrytokutova glaucoma (should regularly monitor the intraocular pressure), AR, drug addiction. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines or to any Hysterosalpingogram drug violation respiratory central origin and of different genesis DL, CM Sleep apnea; disorders of consciousness zakrytokutova glaucoma; myasthenia outnumbered severe hepatic and renal failure, Mean Cell Volume Method of production of drugs: Table.
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